GastroIntestinal

• Acidity - Also known as acid reflux or heartburn, occurs when the stomach's gastric

acids flow back up into the esophagus. This can cause a burning sensation in the chest
or throat, often after eating or when lying down. Common triggers include spicy
foods, citrus fruits, caffeine and stress.

• Constipation - is a common gastrointestinal condition characterized by infrequent,

difficult, or painful bowel movements. It is often defined as having fewer than three
bowel movements per week. The stool may be hard, dry, or lumpy, and passing it can
be straining or uncomfortable.

• Gastritis - is the inflammation of the stomach lining, often resulting from infection,

prolonged use of certain medications (like NSAIDs), excessive alcohol consumption,
or stress. Symptoms can include stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and a feeling of
fullness after eating.

• Bloating - refers to the feeling of fullness and tightness in the abdomen, often caused

by gas or fluid retention. It can result from overeating, swallowing air, eating certain
foods (like beans, cabbage, or carbonated drinks), or digestive disorders such as
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Symptoms include discomfort, a swollen abdomen,
and sometimes, abdominal pain.

• Fatty Liver - It occurs when excess fat builds up in liver cells, often due to alcohol

use or poor diet (high in fat and sugar). Common risk factors include obesity,
diabetes, and high cholesterol.

• Hemorrhoids: Swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus.

• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - is a chronic digestive condition where

stomach acid or bile irritates the food pipe (esophagus). The most common symptom
is heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest.

• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - IBS is a functional GI disorder characterized by

chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits (such as diarrhea or
constipation). Unlike other GI conditions, IBS does not cause inflammation or
structural changes in the digestive tract.

• Celiac Disease - It is an autoimmune disorder in which the ingestion of gluten (a

protein found in wheat, barley, and rye) triggers an immune response that damages the
small intestine lining. This damage impairs nutrient absorption and can lead to a
variety of complications

• Crohn&39;s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis These are two types of inflammatory bowel

diseases (IBD), conditions that cause chronic inflammation in the GI tract. While both
diseases share many similarities, they differ in the areas of the digestive system they
affect. Crohn&39;s disease can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus,
while ulcerative colitis primarily affects the colon and rectum.

• Lactose Intolerance occurs when the body cannot properly digest lactose, a sugar

found in milk and dairy products. It happens due to a deficiency in lactase, the
enzyme that breaks down lactose in the small intestine.

• Peptic Ulcers are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, small

intestine, or esophagus. They are commonly caused by infection with Helicobacter
pylori bacteria or the overuse of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)